Introduction:
While the correlates of physical activity and screen media use have been widely studied in high-income countries, there is limited evidence from middle-income settings such as Indonesia

Aim of the study:
This study investigated the correlates of physical activity, screen time, and sports participation among adolescents in urban Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,068 junior high school students (mean age = 14.1 years, SD = 0.95) from three public schools. Data were collected using online questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity (measured via the Indonesian version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents – PAQ-A), and daily screen time across various domains. Physical activity was categorized into low, moderate, and high levels. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine correlates of physical activity, while binary logistic and multiple linear regression analyses explored predictors of sports participation and total screen time.

Results:
The majority of participants (80.7%) had low physical activity levels. Average screen time was 7.8 hours on weekdays and 10.3 hours on weekends. Two-thirds of students did not participate in sports extracurriculars. Physical activity levels were significantly associated with school grade, parental education, sex, body mass index (BMI), sports participation, and screen-based behaviors (p < 0.05), explaining 37.7% of the variance. Sports extracurricular participation was more likely among boys, students in lower grades, those with normal BMI, and adolescents with higher physical activity levels and lower weekend screen time. Male students and those with more highly educated fathers were more likely to report lower screen time.

Conclusions:
This study highlights alarmingly low physical activity, high screen use, and limited sports participation among adolescents in a middle-income urban context. Future research should explore longitudinal and mixed-method approaches Introduction Research has confirmed that physical activity contributes to adolescents’ health significantly, preventing obesity, enhancing physical fitness, increasing bone and mental health, as well as cognitive function [1-3]. For this reason, the World Health Organization recommends that adolescents engage in regular physical activity throughout the week, with a duration of at least an average of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day [1]. Unfortunately, many young people fail to comply with the guidelines [4]. Literature also showed that physical activity levels tend to decrease during adolescence [5]. to better understand behavioral patterns over time and guide culturally tailored interventions to improve adolescent health.