Introduction:
In training practice, specific technical elements of the shot put are often isolated and practiced separately to refine technique and improve coordination. Based on this concept, minimizing lower-limb contribution by throwing from a standing or seated position allows athletes to focus more effectively on upper-body mechanics. Additionally, selecting lighter or heavier implements can be used to enhance explosive power or develop discipline-specific strength.

Aim of the study:
The present study investigated the effects of standing and seated throws with varying implement weights on shot-put performance, aiming to highlight potential training applications for shot putters.

Material and methods:
Peak shot velocity (measured with a Doppler radar gun) and shot-put performance were assessed in 23 well-trained male and female collegiate students (age: 21 ± 1.7 y; height: males 173 ± 7.4 cm, females 165 ± 6.74 cm; body mass: males 76.4 ± 5.6 kg, females 58.6 ± 7.5 kg) across six experimental conditions combining two throwing positions (seated, standing) with three implement weights (competitionstandard, 25% lighter, 25% heavier). Anthropometric and physical performance parameters were evaluated.

Results:
The highest velocities were observed in standing throws with lighter or competition-weight shots, whereas heavy-shot throws produced lower velocities regardless of throwing position. Performance was strongly intercorrelated across all conditions, indicating consistent individual throwing capacity. Peak shot velocity was a significant predictor of performance, particularly in standing throws. Grip strength, lean body mass, lean throwing-arm mass, and height were positively associated with performance in both seated and standing conditions.

Conclusions:
Throwing position and implement weight distinctly modulate shot-put performance outcomes. Lighter implements are associated with velocity development and explosive performance, particularly in standing throws, whereas heavier implements emphasize force production and upper-body strength, regardless of throwing Vol. 33(3) position. These results support the strategic use of different shot weights and throwing positions as complementary training approaches to promote specific performance adaptations.